Over 280,000 sorties were flown in the first 9 years of the NFZs. The Kurdish dominated north gained effective autonomy and was protected from a feared repeat of the Anfal genocide in 1988 that killed tens of thousands of civilians. The Iraqi government claimed 1,400 civilians were killed by Coalition bombing during the NFZ. French aircraft patrols also participated until France withdrew in 1996. The policy was enforced by the United States and the United Kingdom until 2003, when it was rendered obsolete by the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones. The United States stated that the NFZs were intended to protect the ethnic Kurdish minority in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991. Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present).Unknown number of air defense systems destroyedġ,400 Iraqi civilians killed (Iraqi government claim) Unknown number of Iraqi Air Force personnel and Iraqi Police officersĢ UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters shot down (friendly fire, 26 killed)ġ9 USAF personnel deployed as part of the operation killed in the Khobar Towers Bombingĥ RQ-1 Predator unmanned aircraft shot down Bush (until 20 January 1993)īill Clinton (20 January 1993 – 20 January 2001)ĥ0 aircraft and 1,400 personnel at any one time Ended with the beginning of the Iraq War.
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